What is cement?
It is an extremely finely ground product obtained by burning at high temperatures. Specifically proportioned amounts of calcareous and argillaceous raw materials add nothing else to the burnt product except gypsum in a small percentage. This post will explain Cement Manufacture.
Hello friends, Cement is the most important and essential engineering material for building construction. Without cement, we can’t construct any structure in the present period. So guys today I will take about important engineering material. Which is cement. Following are the details about the Cement Manufacture by the manufacturing company.
Ingredients of cement and its functions to cement Manufacturing
Lime (60-66)%
The calcium oxide of cement combine with silica from clay and from the tricalcium and dicalcium silicate on burning limes are responsible for the settling and hardening properties of cement. Lime is the first ingredient in Cement manufacturing.
Silica (18-25)%
It is responsible for the strength of cement.
Alumina (-3-8)%
It combines with other constituents to form aluminates that are responsible for the quick setting of cement.
Iron oxide (1-5)%
It is responsible for the color of cement to some extra more ever compound with another ingredient that given additional strength and hardness to cement.
Calcium sulfate (3-5)%
It prolongs the initial settling time of cement in absence of gypsum the cement will be very quick settling it will be set within few minutes after mixing with water.
Magnesia (1-4)%
Magnesia is useful in importing color and hardness.
Cement manufacture raw material
Raw material: limestone, clay rock, gypsum
Method of Cement manufacture
- Wet process
- Dry process
These are the main two methods of cement manufacture. I will explain in this article about the wet process only.
Wet way
It is considered a better and convenient process for the manufacture of cement, especially where the limestone of soft variety is available. We can discuss the process below:
Preparation of slurry
In this process, the raw materials are supplied to the kiln in the form of a mixture with a loss of water in it. This is called slurry. To an obtained slurry of standard composition, the raw materials are limestone clay and gypsum. First crushed separately.
Burning
For the burning slurry, a rotary kiln is used. In these skins the length of the drying zone is layer because the material feels into the kilns with water, all the moisture is driven off from the slurry as it passes through the drying zone.
Treatment of clinker
As the lump-shaped clinker come out of the kilns it is extremely hot. It is there for passed through Air cooling rotary cylinder. Therefore after mixed with (3-4)% of gypsum. The product fine cement is to be stored and packed.
Types of cement and its properties
Rapid Hardening Cement (RHC)
It is manufacture with such adjustment in the preparation of raw material. So that the cement produced attains maximum strength with the 24-72 hr.
Properties
It contains more tricalcium silicate.
It is more fine-grained this factor helps quicker and complete hydration of cement particles during settling and helps in gaining early strength.
Low heat cement
It is a type of Portland cement in which a very low amount of heat of hydration is liberated during settling and hardening.
Properties
The proportion of dicalcium silicate increases to almost double that in ordinary Portland cement.
The proportion of tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate reduce to about 59%.
Quick settling cement
It characterizes by a quality to set into a stone-like mass within a period of fewer than 30 minutes.
Properties
The quantity of gypsum reduces.
The quantity of alumina rich is increasing.
High alumina cement
It is special-purpose cement that contains alumina in a considerable large proportion (about 40%).
Properties
It is greater resistant to the corrosive action of acid.
Although it has a higher initial settling time its final settling time is lower.
Portland slag cement
It is a modified type of Portland cement. Which contain besides Portland cement (25-65)% by weight of blast furnace slag.
Properties
The cement is better workability corrosiveness and plasticity.
It is economical.
Pozzolana cement ◇PPC◇
It is the type of cement in which Portland cement clinker is mix with definite proportions of pozzolana material like volcanic ash, powdered burnt brick, etc.
Properties
It produces less heat of hydration.
It offers greater resistance to sulfate and the corrosive action of seawater.
Colored cement
Any desired color is import to the Portland cement by mixing with it a definite proportion of mineral pigment.
White cement
It is a special type of cement that in use gives the milky snow-white appearance.
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