What is Linear Measurement System?
Hello, friends what’s up? I hope you are fine. Most welcome to this page. Today I will discuss the linear measurement system. In the engineering field how to use liner measurement, types, instruments for linear measurement, and so on. All of the important topics will be discussed on this page.
If you know about linear measurement systems that are good if you don’t know about this don’t worry I will give you full information about it. So what is linear measurement? It is defined as the distance between two objects, points, location, member, etc. it is also called the height of elevation. The length between two different positions of the land. This is discussed in detail below please read from start to end of the page. Let’s get start:
What is Linear Measurement?
The Linear Measurement is the distance between the two given or. Subsequently, we can characterize as:
The measurement of thickness, lengths, diameter, and heights including external and internal measurement of anything is called linear measurement.
“All out whole length between the furthest left and furthest right finish of an object in the referenced unit.”
Also, “Linear Measurement ” is the straight distance between the top and lower parts of an Object. For example height of the building, the height of people, and the height of trees as so on.
Linear measurement in surveying
The assurance of the distance between two focuses on the outside of the earth is one of the essential activities of reviewing. Estimation of level distances or estimating straight estimation is needed in chain reviewing, navigate looking over, and different sorts of studying.
Linear Measurements Table
Imperial Standerd Yard
1 yard = 3 feet
1 feet = 12 inches
International prototype meter
1m=100cm=1000mm
Method of linear measurement system
There are many types of methods to making linear measurement:
Direct method
Optical method
EDM method
Distance is actually measured on the ground with the help of a chain or tape in the case of direct measurement. Observation is taken through a telescope, and calculation is done for the distance Which is the optical method
In the case of the EDM method, the instrument used for measuring the distance is very sophisticated and measures the distance on the reception of light waves.
Varies methods of measuring the distances directly areas below:
Pacing: It is rough to check the distances. The method consists of counting the number of paces and multiplying it by pace length.
Measurement by pessometer
It is an instrument shaped like a watch carried in a pocket and automatically records the number of paces.
Measurement by pedometer
The pedometer is similar to the pessometer but it records the total distance covered by any number of paces.
Measurement by odometer of the speedometer
This is an instrument registering the number of revolutions of the wheel. It most have in vehicles. Eg. Bike, bus, car, scouter.
Chaining: Measuring distance by chain or tape.
An instrument for linear measurement
The following instruments are while performing linear measurement:
Tape
A measuring tape helps to determine the distance from one point to another. The measuring tapes, according to the material used, are classified as cloth or linen tape, metallic tape, steel tape, and Inver tape.
Since invar is an alloy steel 64% and nickel 36% and possesses a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, therefore, the invar tape is generally used for accurate measurement of distance. Cloth or linen tape is made of woven linen and varnished to resist moisture. It is generally used for making offset measurements.
Types of Tape for linear measurement:
Cloth or linen tape
- Used for subsidiary measurements
- Very light, easy to handle
- May effect by moisture
Metric steel tape
- Made of steel
- The outer end is provided with a ring for holding
Invar tape
- Used for high precision work
- Made of alloy steel
Synthetic tape
- Made of glass fiber with PVC coating
- These are used for short measurements
Chain
It is composed of 100 or 150 pieces of galvanized mild steel wire 4 mm in diameter called links. There are two main kinds of surveying chains. I.e. metric surveying chains or non-metric surveying chains. The handle of the chain is made of brass. The link is made by pieces of galvanized mild steel wire having a 4mm diameter.
Varies chains used for the survey work are:
Metric chains: they are available in length 5m, 10, 20and 30 meters.
Gunter chain: they are available in 66 ft. length provided with 100 links
Engineers’ chain: it is 100 ft. long divided into 100 links.
Revenue chain: it is 33 ft. long provided with 16 links.
The chain is made out of 100 or 150 bits of stirred gentle steel wire called joins, consolidated with oval rings and handles at the two finishes. The finish of each connection is twisted into an entwine and associated with three oval rings. The closures of the chain are furnished with metal handles for simply taking care of. The length of the chain is estimated from one handle to the other handle.
Arrows
The arrows are made of good quality harden and tempered steel wire 4 mm in diameter and 25 cm to 50 cm in length. Each chain is accompanied by 10 arrows. This is also called marking or chaining pics and is used to mark the end of each chain during the process of chaining.
It is additionally called checking or anchoring pins and is utilized to stamp the finish of the chain during the way toward affixing. It is comprised of acceptable quality solidified and tempered steel wire of 4mm in breadth. The bolts are made 400 mm long. The one-pointed piece of a bolt is embedded into the ground and the other is joined with the ring.
Ranging rod
Generally, the ranging rod has a diameter of 3 cm and a length of 4 m to 6 m. the ranging rod is used for making the positions of stations conspicuously and for ranging straight length. It is also called offset rods.
Ranging rods or offset rods are round poles made up of wood or metal. which is for using a linear survey. These rods are used to range intermediate points of a survey and to set out straight lines on the field when the surveying length is long.
The only difference between ranging rods and poles is the length. Ranging rods and offset rods are commonly occur in 3m length but the ranging poles are available up to 8m in length.
The rods possess a metal point at their bottom and the rod or pole is painted with red & white or black & white successive combination. When the survey lines are too lengthy a flag with red/white/yellow color will be attached to the top of the pole for easy identification.
Linear ranger
The minor instrument used for ranging is “Linear ranger”. It is a small reflecting instrument used for fixing intermediate points on the chain lines.
Peg
Peg is generally made of wood. It has wooden pieces with a side of 25 mm and a length of 150 mm.
Plumb bob
It is used to transfer the endpoint of the chain into the ground. The length of the plumb bob is 50 mm and the weight varies from 2 to 5 newton.
A string suspended with a load at the base will be both vertical and opposite of any level plane through which it passes. The plumb comprises an exceptionally planned weight and coarse string or unique strings. Toward one side of the string, the weight is joined. Unequivocally machined and adjusted weaves have pointed tips and can be made of metal, steel, or different materials, including plastic.
Planimeter
A planimeter, also known as a platometer, is a measuring instrument used to determine the area of an arbitrary two- dimensional shape.
REGULAR INSTRUMENTAL ERRORS IN LINEAR MEASUREMENT
Length other than standard
Tape makers don’t ensure 100 ft steel tapes to be by and large 100.00 ft. A mistake because of the erroneous length happens each time the tape is used.
Temperature other than standard
The steel tape is normalized at 68° F (20° C).
A temperature sequence will change the length of the tape. The temperature of the tape can be very not quite the same as the air temperature estimated.
Pressure
On the off chance that pressure is more prominent than standard, the tape will extend. If not exactly standard pressure is applied the tape will be more limited than standard.
Droop
A tape not upheld along its whole length will hang. By applying the right strain the list is diminished.
Helpless arrangement
This mistake happens when one finish of the tape is disconnecting or there is a check in-line. The genuine distance will be not exactly the deliberate dis
Flawed stamping
This blunder is arbitrary as the aftereffect of the mistaken position of fastening pins. The cautious situation of anchoring pins and afterward checking the estimation will lessen blunders.
Wrong perusing or interjection
The mistake happens when perusing or taking note of the estimation plainly or in a rush. Cautious perusing and utilizing a limited scale to decide the last figure will lessen mistakes.
Graduated measuring instruments:
following are some Graduated measuring instruments
Rural or scale
dial indicators
vernier depth gauge
vernier caliper
Micrometer
vernier height gauge
Non- Graduated measuring instruments:
These are some Non- Graduated measuring instruments
Thickness Gauges
Telescope Gauges
Slip Gauges
Trammel
Radius Gauges
Screw Pitch Gauges
Surface Gauges
Caliper
Wire Gauges
Straight Edges
Finally, the above articles are about linear Measurement. I hope you understand about Linear Measurement. if you have any doubt please comment to me on social media.