Hello friends, if you are an Engineering student or, engineer. You know about the rate analysis for irrigation and Suspension bridges.
If you work on the irrigation and bridge project, you have a lot of knowledge about the rate for the project. The main factor affecting the project is the rate. So today I will show you what the factors are to affect the project cost or rate, and the government procedure for the rate analysis in the irrigation and Suspension bridge.
Let’s begin with the irrigation and Suspension bridge rate. In the irrigation project and the Suspension bridge project, to essential to know the rate of the project. The project is affected by the rate of the project. So the rate is most important to the irrigation and bridge project, anywhere, anytime.
What is Facture Affecting Rate Analysis?
Factors Affecting the Cost of Irrigation
- The length of the conveyance system to take into account from the water source.
- The quality of water at the source is affected if the source water contains more gravel, sand, silt, clay, etc.
- Type of soil in the conveyance system ( porous soil: more seepage riming required, or the canal section shall be large.
- Terrain type : (flat or steep, moderate) More cost is required in the steep terrain.
- Type of irrigation system (surface or left or drip sprinkle irrigation system):- Left irrigation is more costly than surface irrigation because it requires more energy to take the water from Lower levels to higher levels.
- Geology at the conveyance system ( soil, hard rock, soft rock)
- Number of streams, rivulets, rivers, etc., to cross and their spans.
- The quantum of water to be diverted from the source to meet crop water requirements for the command area.
- The terrain of the command area, steep terrain additional structures like falls are required to reduce the energy of the water to fall upward in a downward direction.
- Quantum of work required for the command area, and less cost in the flat command area.
- Source site: location of source (Distance from the project), Quality of source.
- Market (Distance from the project)
- District rate of materials, human resources
- Specification of materials
- Specification of workmanship
- Mode of transportation
- Length of transportation
- Mode of contracts ( consumer, contractor)
- Price escalation ( consumer price index) may be required if the time taken to complete the project is>18 months.
- Taxes: local tax, work charge establishment miscellaneous cost, which is 2.5 % to 5.0 %.
Factors Affecting the Cost of Suspension Bridge
- Span of the bridge
- For long-span wind guy cables and Anchorage, blocks are required to prevent bridge swinging.
- Freeboard availability
- If the freeboard is more than 5 meters suspended bridge can be constructed, which is cheaper than a suspension bridge ( required tower, tower foundation)
- Length ofthe track road required at both banks of the bridge.
- Geology ( soil, rock type)
- Excavation:- less on soil
- Block size:- large on soil
- A steep cross slope of banks requires heavy cutting.
Government Procedure for Rate Analysis
- Collect the information regarding norms, market rate or district rate, tax, VAT, and contractor overhead.
- Collect or prepare specifications of the work.
- Find out materials or equipment costs required at the project site ( by adding local taxes, transportation costs + loading and unloading).
- Multiply the qualities of materials, manpower, and equipment required to complete unit work by the rate at the project site (calculated in bullet and add them).
- Add 15 % percent contractors’ overhead and profit if it is to item of work is to be executed by contractors.
- Sum the values obtained in bullets no 4 and 5 to find a rate for doing the unit item of the work.
- The steps above are repeated for other items of work required to complete the project.
- Prepare schedules of rate (SOR)
What is the Procedure?
Procedure to find the estimated cost of an irrigation project and a suspension Bridge
- Complete steps 1 to 7 mentioned above.
- Prepare a bill of quantities of various items of work that can be completed in the project.
- Multiply the quantities of each item of work with the corresponding rate for the item (SOR) and add them.
- 2.5 percent of the above total cost is for work charge establishment and miscellaneous costs.
- the cost found in items 3 and 4 above.
- 13 percent VAT to the cost calculated in serial no. 5 ( if the work to carried out by contractors)
- Add 10 percent cost to the cost calculated in serial no 6 for meeting contingency expenses. If the contract is multi-year 10 percent price contingency is also added.
- The sum of the costs in serial nos 6 and 7 will be the project cost required
Final
The way to decide the pace of any work in structural Engineering projects like earthwork, brickwork, putting, painting, and so on is known as an examination of rate or just rate investigation.
The pace of these works further aids in deciding the expense of specific work and thusly the cost of the venture. The pace of any interaction or work relies upon different variables.
The rate investigation of Civil Works or Building Works is the assurance of the cost of every development work per unit amount. This expense incorporates the expense of materials, works, hardware, project workers’ benefit, and other random negligible costs needed for the specific work to be finished in a unit amount.
